09.05.08 Call for Entries: QUITO XVI PAN — American Architecture Biennale BAQ 2008
The BAQ, College of Architects of Ecuador — Provincial Pichincha, invites design professionals of the Americas to participate in the XVI Biennale, to strengthen the professional network, generate innovative discourses, compare work, and acknowledge the efforts, especially in Latin America, to create a better future through architectural and urban design. Participating projects will be published in the XVI Quito Pan-American Architecture Biennale catalogue, BAQ/2008: Feel the Latin American Architecture.

09.15.08 Call for Entries: Next American City Urban Leaders Fellowship Program
Next American City seeks writers to contribute about the development of the nation’s cities. The nine-month, part-time fellowship comes with a $10,000 stipend. Through substantial contribution to the print magazine and website, and presence in other national media outlets, fellows will conduct new research and in-depth reportage on the issues at the forefront of urban change. Candidates should have related published writing and be passionate urban thinkers, activists, and professionals working in city-related professions — law, urban planning, social work, real estate development, education, and others.

09.24.08 Call for Entries: Contract Interiors Awards
The Annual Interiors Awards honors innovative design teams in several different categories. Both established and emerging firms are welcome to submit. Held since 1979, the awards are presented at a breakfast gala along with the Designer of the Year and the Legend Award. Winners are featured in Contract‘s January issue and on Contractmagazine.com.

10.01.08 Call for Nominations: ASCE 2009 National Achievement Awards
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is seeking nominations for the following awards: The Outstanding Projects and Leaders (OPAL) Awards, Henry L. Michel Award for Industry Advancement of Research, The Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement (OCEA) Award, and the Charles Pankow Award for Innovation. The awards will be presented at ASCE’s OPAL Awards Gala in April 2009. The awards call attention to and celebrate leadership, creative spirit, and commitment to excellence within the engineering profession.

10.31.08 Call for Entries: Western Red Cedar Architectural Design Awards
The Western Red Cedar Lumber Association and the Cedar Shake & Shingle Bureau invite entries in this awards program honoring design excellence and architectural accomplishment using western red cedar. Projects must be completed no earlier than 01.01.05. The awards categories are: those featuring extensive use of cedar lumber, and those featuring extensive use of cedar shakes and shingles. New, restored and renovated buildings are eligible, and entries are not limited by geography.

09.20.08 through 11.30.08
Diller Scofidio + Renfro – Arbores Laetae (Joyful Trees)

As part of the 2008 Liverpool Biennial arts festival, Diller Scofidio + Renfro designed an installation consisting of 17 hornbeams planted in a grid pattern with rotating trees. The site is a former brownfield close to the Liverpool Cathedral. Intended to be a playful reinvention of a public park, the architects want people to “view nature at its most unnatural.” Fifteen art works were commissioned for the month-long festival to be exhibited in public spaces.

2008 Liverpool Biennial
Parliament Street, Liverpool, England


Klex, 2008; digital rendering.

Ruy Klein / David Ruy and Karel Klein

09.25.08 through 11.22.08
Matters of Sensation

This exhibition contains projects by 14 American architecture studios exploring design through digital rendering. Unaligned in their interests, this group of young architects produce work that attempts to answer no questions, solve no problems, and broach no oppositions. It is, rather, about a fascination with architectural forms that induce sensation — about fantasy, intimacy, sci-fi, and experiencing pleasure. Exhibiting architects are davidclovers with C.E.B. Reas, Emergent, Gage/Clemenceau Architects, Gnuform, Hirsuta, Höweler+Yoon Architecture, IwamotoScott Architecture, mod, MOS, murmur, Ruy Klein, Sotamaa, SU11, and Xefirotarch.

Artists Space
38 Greene Street, 3rd Floor, NYC

South Street Seaport Edges into the Future

Event: ENYA Competition South Street Seaport Panel and Catalog Launch
Location: Center for Architecture, 08.05.08
Speakers: Sara Caples, AIA — Principal, Caples Jefferson Architects & Competition Juror; Sangmok Kim, AIA, LEED AP — ENYA Prize Winner; Anne Leonhardt & Sean Rasmussen — ENYA Competition Organizers; Michael Levine — Director of Land Use and Planning, Community Board 1; Barbara Mensch — Photographer, Community Member; Angelica Trevino — SHoP Architects
Moderator: Jessica Sheridan, Assoc. AIA, LEED AP — Editor-in-Chief, e-Oculus
Organizer: AIANY Emerging New York Architects

SHoP Architects’ proposal for Pier 17 (left), and Sangmok Kim, AIA, LEED AP, and Sungwoo Kim’s ENYA Prize-winning Fish Farm (right).

SHoP Architects (left); courtesy AIANY Emerging NY Architects Committee (right)

Once a bustling fish market and integral part of historic downtown, South Street Seaport is now a tourist magnet most New Yorkers prefer to avoid, especially with FDR Drive acting as a barricade, according to Angelica Trevino of SHoP Architects. As a member of the design team selected by the City of New York and real estate developer General Growth Properties to envision a “port for the 21st century,” SHoP is developing the area at Pier 17 to include high-end retail, dedicated community and cultural space, and a hotel/condo tower.

In light of the renewed focus on this area, the AIANY Emerging New York Architects (ENYA) Committee selected an adjacent site for its biennial competition, South Street Seaport: Re-Envisioning the Urban Edge. The international ideas competition invited suggestions to anchor the neighborhood’s rich history and envision its future edge condition: “to re-forge connections, both material and metaphoric, with the contemporary Manhattan urban fabric,” stated competition organizer Sean Rasmussen. Suggested program elements included a community center/gallery space for the competition’s client, the Seamen’s Church Institute.

Trevino explained that top priorities for SHoP’s design were to provide spaces and amenities for local residents, preserve significant historic elements including the Tin Building, and to re-establish view corridors to the harbor and the Brooklyn Bridge. The winning entry, a “fish farm” designed by NY-based Sangmok Kim, AIA, LEED AP, and South Korea-based Sungwoo Kim, took a similar approach in some aspects. The design consists of a system of pontoon crossings with modified modules containing fish tanks. The flexible framework is intended to promote social interaction within pockets of green space while axially reconnecting with the downtown grid. Jurors chose this project because it “projects a future form as a base for development” instead of focusing on how to develop a program, said competition juror Sara Caples, AIA.

Though both SHoP and the competition-winning team use similar strategies to reconnect the Seaport with the urban fabric, a real-world client and community impositions didn’t limit the competition entry. SHoP’s proposed restoration of the Tin Building and the removal of the existing 1980s-era shopping mall may be steps in the right direction, but both Michael Levine, the director of land use and planning for Community Board 1, and community member Barbara Mensch feel the proposed towering 495-foot-tall boutique hotel/luxury condominium seems out of scale with the area’s low-rise structures. They fear that the building will cater more to wealthy tourists rather than the longtime local residents. While built reality is rarely as pure as the original design intent, the ideas competition provides another way to consider the edge — as a site for reviving the fishing industry that made the area historically relevant.

The South Street Seaport: Re-Envisioning the Urban Edge publication is available for $30 at the Center for Architecture or online. For a limited time, ENYA’s 2006 competition publication, Southpoint: From Ruin to Rejuvenation, will be included free with each purchase. The “South Street Seaport: Re-Envisioning the Urban Edge” exhibition is on view at the Center for Architecture through 09.27.08. See On View: At the Center for Architecture for more information.

In this issue:
· Buildings Commissioner Named
· AIA Goes to China


Buildings Commissioner Named
City Council voted to pass Intro 755-A eliminating the requirement for the Buildings Commissioner to be a registered professional allowing acting commissioner Robert LiMandri to keep the position. Friday, 08.15.08, Mayor Bloomberg announced the promotion officially (Click here to read the full release).

AIANY has advocated against the ruling taking the position that the commissioner should be a licensed professional as safety concerns and the rate of new construction in the city necessitate a trained individual who can knowledgably handle all aspects of the position.

Weigh in on the topic on Blog Central, the AIANY blog.


AIA Goes to China
In October 2008, eight AIA chapters will travel to China to explore the Middle Kingdom. The tour will focus on both traditional and modern Chinese architecture, and will combine the experiences of Chinese culture and architecture. The tour will begin in Beijing with the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, and the Great Wall, as well as contemporary icons, the Bird’s Nest Olympic Stadium and National Swimming Center. Next on the itinerary is Suzhou, the center of China’s classical garden culture, including the Humble Administrator’s Garden and the new Suzhou Museum (designed by I.M. Pei, FAIA, and Pei Partnership Architects). The tour will end in Shanghai to explore colonial buildings from the 1920s and 1930s on the historic Bund, structures that make up the Pudong skyline, Shanghai Museum, and Xintiandi. Several extensions to the tour are available including the Qing dynasty Summer Palace at Chengde, the Huang Mountains, or Xian / Yangzi River Cruise. For more information, click here.

Building Brooklyn Awards 2008 Winners include: Center for the Urban Environment (CUE) Headquarters (Adaptive Re-Use) by Andrew Freireich Architect; Glenmore Gardens (Affordable Housing) by Della Valle + Bernheimer Design, Architecture Research Office, Lewis Tsurumaki Lewis, and BriggsKnowles; Crescendo (Arts & Culture) by Michael Ingui; Floating Pool Lady (Brooklyn Innovator) by Jonathan Kirschenfeld Associates; Brooklyn Central Library Entry Plaza & Auditorium (Community Facility) by Vincent Benic Architect;

P.S.1/Bergen School Library (Education — Interiors) by Marpillero Pollak Architects; Poly Prep Lower School (Education — New Construction) by Platt Byard Dovell White Architects; 135 Joralemon Street (Historic Preservation) by Rexrode Chirigos Architects; Public Plaza at the Marriott (Landscape/Open Space) by Moss Gilday Group;

State Renaissance Court (Large Scale Affordable Housing) by James McCullar & Associates Architects; J Condominium (Large Scale Residential) by Gruzen Samton Architects; Greenbelt (Mixed-Use) by Gregory Way Merryweather: Architect; 164 Atlantic (Multi-Family Rehabilitation) by Beyer Blinder Belle Architects & Planners; 14 Townhouses (Neighborhood Scale Development) by Rogers Marvel Architects; Aviator Sports & Recreation (Recreation) by Jack Gordon Architect, AIA; 377 Pacific Street (Residential — 1-2 Dwellings) by Bergen Street Studio; and Dig Garden Shop developed by Chuck Dorr (Retail)…

The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES), sponsor of the International Illumination Design Awards (IIDA), announced award recipients for 2008, including NY-based firms: Office for Visual Interaction (OVI), Award of Distinction (The Paul Waterbury Award), for the United States Air Force Memorial; Horton Lees Brogden Lighting Design, Award of Excellence for Outdoor Lighting Design for the Pasadena City Hall and Award of Excellence (The Edwin F. Guth Memorial Award for Interior Lighting Design) for the Creative Artists Agency Headquarters; Derek Porter Studio, Award of Excellence (The Edwin F. Guth Memorial Award for Interior Lighting Design) for the Hodgdon Powder Facility; and Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting Design, Award of Excellence for The Renee and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall…

Emerging Green Builders, 2008 Natural Talent Awards winners are FXFOWLE Architects/Buro Happold Collaborative — J. Arthur Liu, Andrea Schelly, Nicholas Hollot, Rebecca Allen, and Jenny Hamp, First Place; EJ Studio — Jennifer Dunn and Eric DiFronzo, Second Place; Team Lindsey — Lindsey Brough, Deb Perrone, Dave Kendall, Ryan Clark, and RJ Sindelar, Third Place; Green Apple LEEDers — Catherine Simpson, Mia Tsiamis, Cecilia Martinez, Bettina Rohe, and Frederik Feller, First Honorable Mention; Studio START — Holly McWhorter, Bjarke Ballisager, Laura Eckenrod, and Ayano Misawa, Second Honorable Mention…

Elizabeth Solomon is the new Director of Preservation and Research at the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP), taking over for Melissa Baldock who left the position to become the Municipal Art Society’s Kress Fellow for Historic Preservation and Public Policy… Huntsman Architectural Group named Alan Vartabedian as Principal in its NY office… Rizzoli International Publications, has appointed David Morton, formerly the senior editor of Progressive Architecture (P/A) magazine, to the newly created position Associate Publisher, Architecture…

09.15.08 Call for Entries: RE:VISION — RE:CONSTRUCT
This competition seeks ways to create new types of structures and techniques, or renovate old ones. From planning codes to toilets, dry wall to moveable walls, entrants are invited to re-imagine the building industry. The jury will award three cash prizes, seven honorable mentions, and consultations for the top three winning designs. The prize for each of the three finalists is $2,000.

09.19.08 Call for Entries: Flood Design Competition
Norwich Union, with the support of RIBA, invites submissions from international registered architects for an open ideas competition to design of a flood-proof house. New, innovative methods of preparing homes for flooding are required as the global climate changes and the possibility of flooding increases in the UK. The competition will be conducted in two stages, where five finalists will be invited to interview and meet the jury panel. It is the intention that the winning design will be developed and built after approval by a house-building partner.

10.10.08 Call for Entries: Canstruction
Canstruction is an international charity competition where architects, engineers, contractors, and students compete to design and build structures made entirely from cans of food. At the event’s close, all of the food from the NYC competition is donated to City Harvest. This year, this competition and exhibition will be held at a new venue: the World Financial Center, Battery Park City.

10.31.08 Call for Entries: REBUILD | REVIVE: The 3rd Annual Ed Bacon Student Design Competition
Open to any college or university student in North America, this competition challenges entrants to study the Ludlow Neighborhood of North Philadelphia, which was a focus area of Philadelphia’s neighborhood renewal programs in the 1950s and 1960s. Experimental ideas such as selective clearance and scattered-site public housing were ultimately unsuccessful, leaving a neighborhood with large-scale abandonment and many parcels owned by the public sector. Fresh design solutions for reviving Ludlow and similar disinvested communities are needed. Pre-registration is required by 09.30.08.

11.01.08 Call for Proposals: 9th Annual Milka Bliznakov Prize
The International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA) center, at Virginia Tech’s College of Architecture and Urban Studies, invites architects, scholars, and researchers to honor IAWA founder and Virginia Tech emerita faculty member Milka Bliznakov through research on women in architecture and related design fields. This research, in concert with the preservation efforts of the IAWA, helps fill the current void in historical knowledge about women’s professional achievements. The winner receives $1,000.

Exhibition Announcements

Beijing.

Steven Holl, AIA, courtesy Museum of Modern Art

Through 02.02.09
Pré: Stephen Holl

The digital installation consists of 365 drawings made by Steven Holl, AIA, between 2002 and 2008. Over the past 30 years Holl has juxtaposed form, color, shape, thought, space, and building in small sketchpads. From little details to abstract studies, this collection of drawings covers his thought processes.

Museum of Modern Art
11 West 53rd Street


Courtesy skyscraper.org

Through 02.09
Vertical Cities: Hong Kong | New York

This exhibition examines the evolving identities of two cities that embrace the skyscraper as the principal instrument of modern urbanism. Photographs, film, architectural drawings, maps, and large-scale models are on view to convey Hong Kong’s character, its iconic skyline, crowded commercial core with multi-level traffic, a network of pedestrian bridges, and vertical shopping malls. This is the second in a cycle of three related exhibitions entitled FUTURE CITY: 20 | 21 that juxtapose early 20th century American visions of the skyscraper city of the future with an exploration of Chinese cities today.

The Skyscraper Museum
39 Battery Place


SHoP Architects’ design for South Street Seaport.

SHoP Architects

Seaport Past & Future
This free public exhibition, designed by James Sanders and Associates, will take guests through two centuries of South Street Seaport’s changes. Multi-media features and scale models representing the district during crucial moments in history culminate with an architectural model of SHoP Architect’s proposed plan for the new Seaport. Visitors will be able to view archival material of vintage streetscapes — with the same views as they appear today — illustrating the continuities and change over time at the Seaport.

191 Front Street Gallery
191 Front Street, near John Street

In this issue:
· Passing: Paul S. Byard, FAIA
· Passing: Michael Goldsmith, AIA


Passing: Paul S. Byard, FAIA
Paul S. Byard, FAIA, died on Tuesday 07.15.08. He is remembered as the Director of the Historic Preservation Program at the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, an adjunct professor for over 30 years, and a partner at Platt, Byard, Dovell & White. Most of all, he is remembered for his enthusiasm for the field of architecture and preservation, and his dedication to his students and colleagues. Please click here to read the New York Times article about his life.

A memorial service at Columbia University is being planned for the fall. In the meantime, send thoughts and condolences to Rosalie Byard at 50 Plaza Street East, Brooklyn, NY 10024.


Passing: Michael Goldsmith, AIA
Ludwig Michael Goldsmith, known as Michael, of Upper Montclair, NJ, died 07.23.08 of complications resulting from open-heart surgery. The 57-year-old architect was the owner of Ludwig Michael Goldsmith, Architects, an award-winning, Manhattan firm he founded in 1991. A registered architect in NY, NJ, and CT, Goldsmith specialized in interior design, architecture, and planning in both the private and public sectors.

Goldsmith earned a Bachelor of Architecture from Cornell University and a Masters in Urban Planning from City College of the City University of New York. He served as an engineering officer in the U.S. Navy for over four years. Throughout his 30-year career, Goldsmith donated countless hours to pro bono projects, giving his time, advice, and professional assistance. Goldsmith’s funeral was held on 07.24.08. Donations can be made to Cornell University, College of Architecture, Art & Planning; Planned Parenthood; and any organization dedicated to fighting AIDS.

This year’s winners of the Public Design Commission (formerly the Art Commission) awards are: streetscape improvements, including an installation by Brian Tolle, on Flatbush Avenue from Tillary Street to Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn; construction of the 121st Police Precinct on Staten Island by Rafael Viñoly Architects; signage as part of the rehabilitation of Flatbush Caton Market by Alexandra Ching and David Akey, NYC Department of Design and Construction; “Wall Drawing #1252: Scribbles (Pier 88)” by Sol LeWitt; Children’s Library Center, Queens Central Library, by 1100: Architect; Bronx River House and adjacent site work, by Kiss + Cathcart; and a Special Recognition Award for Expansion of the Hospital for Special Surgery, by Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects, Cannon Design, Ysrael A. Seinuk, and R.A. Heintges & Associates…

The Illuminating Engineering Society of New York (IESNY) 2008 Lumen Award winners include, in the following categories: Citation for Exterior Lighting of Historic Façade — Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, RS Lighting Design; Citation for Integration of New Technology into a Historic Restoration — The Fragonard at the Frick Collection, Renfro Design Group; Citation for Increasing Public Awareness of LEDs — Times Square Ball, Focus Lighting… Awards of Merit — Art Cave, Renfro Design Group; Brooklyn Central Library, Arup Lighting; HBO Shop, HDLC Architectural Lighting Design; Nelsons-Atkins Museum of Art — Interior, Renfro Design Group; The New Museum for Contemporary Art, Tillotson Design Associates; Awards of Merit — Energy and Environmental Design — New York Times HQ, SBLDstudio; Miyake Madison, Lightfield; United States Air Force Memorial, Office for Visual Interaction… Awards of Excellence — Nelsons-Atkins Museum of Art — Outdoor, Renfro Design Group; School of American Ballet at Lincoln Center, Tillotson Design Associates; The Renee and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall, Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting Design…

The New York Area Chapter of the Society for Marketing Professional Services (SMPS-NY) has announced a new vice-president elect, Patricia Neumann, CPSM; treasurer, Julie Pampuch; secretary, Susan Steinberg, and three directors, Maria Miranda, David Grant, and Stephanie Lin, to the board for the 2008-2009 term,…In addition, President-Elect Lauren Hlavenka, Assoc. AIA, will assume the presidency on 09.01.08, when the new term begins…

Juliet Kinchin has joined MoMA as Curator in the Department of Architecture and Design… Ray Gastil, the director of the New York City Department of City Planning’s Manhattan office, is leaving to become Seattle’s Planning Director…

Chris Reynolds, AIA, has been promoted to principal at Cooper Carry… The New York Office of M Moser Associates is moving to 490 Broadway in Soho… WSP Flack + Kurtz is the new name of the global mechanical and electrical engineering firm…

Oculus 2008 Editorial Calendar
If you are an architect by training or see yourself as an astute observer of New York’s architectural and planning scene, note that OCULUS editors are looking for writers for the Winter issue. The theme:

Competing for Space. Explore the growing competition between expansionist institutions on limited sites and the interests of adjacent communities, many in residential areas with moderate-income families.

If you’re interested, please contact OCULUS editor-in-chief Kristen Richards. with a brief outline and full contact information.

08.01.08 Winter 2008-09: Competing for Space

08.08.08 Call for Entries: Park(ing) Day
On Park(ing) Day — launching on 09.19.08 — people will reclaim parking spots for a single day, transforming them into vibrant, functional, public spaces. The NYC Streets Renaissance in partnership with the Trust for Public Land will reserve 50 spots this year, and they are seeking architects, landscape architects, designers, and artists to help bring inventive installations to the streets by building collaborative Park(ing) Spots. Projects will be a partnership between the designer/firm and an NYC community group; they should reflect the social, cultural, and aesthetic context of the community in which they are built.

09.05.08 Call for Entries: Social Habitat and Development Competition
The Colegio de Arquitectos of Ecuador invites architectural design professionals to participate in this international competition as part of the XVI Quito Pan-American Architecture Biennale to be held 11.17-21.08. All participating projects will be published in the Biennale catalogue. The BAQ/2008, in partnership with the Department of Housing Development and Management of the University of Lund, Sweden, and under the Program PROMESHA created the award to acknowledge efforts to improve the lives of the most vulnerable urban populations within a sustainable framework, and to provide better living standards and an improved quality of life.

09.15.08 Call for Nominations: Richard H. Driehaus Prize
The $200,000 prize, administered through the University of Notre Dame School of Architecture, is awarded annually to an outstanding architect or firm whose work applies the principles of Classicism, with respect to sustainability, in the built and natural environment. Practicing architects, firms and their representatives, as well as industry leaders, architectural students, and classical enthusiasts are encouraged to submit nominations for consideration for the 2009 laureate.

09.15.08 Call for Entries: From the Ground Up: Innovative Green Homes
This competition seeks to provide a new model for formerly vital, urban residential neighborhoods through the creation of sustainable, affordable housing. Selected teams will work on infill sites, proposing designs for a 1,100- to 1,500-square-foot, single-family home to be built in the Near Westside neighborhood of Syracuse, NY. The goal of the competition is to create innovative designs for cost-efficient, green prototypes sensitive to the scale and composition of the existing conditions, while providing a new vision that is legible to a wide array of existing and potential residents.

09.19.08 Call for Submissions: P/A Awards
The P/A Awards recognize unbuilt projects demonstrating overall design excellence and innovation. Architects and other design professionals practicing in the U.S., Canada, or Mexico may enter one or more submissions. Proposals may be for any location, but work must have been directed and substantially executed in offices in any of the three countries. All entries must be commissioned by paying clients for execution. Winners will be honored at a celebration in NY in January 2009, and published in the January 2009 issue of ARCHITECT.

09.19.08 Call for Architects: Smithsonian Institution African American Museum Design
The Smithsonian Institution is calling for initial ideas to build the newest museum on the National Mall, which will be dedicated to black history. The National Museum of African American History and Culture is scheduled to open in 2015 and officials hope to name an architectural team by spring 2009. Submissions will be narrowed down to between three and seven firms for a design competition. Congress has pledged to provide half of the museum’s $500 million cost, with private fundraising to cover the balance. The Smithsonian is encouraging minority architects to participate, but teams submitting proposals are not required to include minorities.

10.01.08 Call for Entries: Make Some Green Competition
Keeseh Studio invites students and design enthusiasts to pursue ecodesign that utilizes waste material. The goal is to promote “upcycling,” or the use of waste material as raw material for other products or processes, by generating innovative designs and redefining the standards of environmental sustainability. Three entries will win media coverage of their product or process and one will win a cash prize of $1,000.

10.15.08 Call for Entries: 2008 Beyond Green High-Performance Building Awards
The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council SBIC will recognize initiatives that shape, inform, and catalyze the high-performance building market, as well as the real-world application of high-performance design and construction practices. Award winners will present their projects in January 2009 in Washington D.C., in conjunction with an awards reception. Winning projects will also receive a plaque, be published on the Whole Building Design Guide website, in SBIC’s newsletter, and included in SBIC technical guidelines and publications.